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								<a href="authentication.html">Authentication</a>
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								<a href="registeredService.html">Registered Services</a>
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															<a href="#">Authentication</a>
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																	<li><a href="./authentication.html">General Information</a></li>
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																	<li><a href="./personalToken.html">Personal Token</a></li>
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																	<li><a href="./registeredService.html">Registered Services</a>
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																					<li><a href="./basic.html">Basic</a></li>
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									<h2 id="service" class="uk-text-center">Advanced service authentication and registration</h2>               
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									<p>For the <b>Advanced Authentication</b> method your service does not send a client secret but it uses a <em>self signed 
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										client assertion</em> to obtain the access token for the OpenAIRE APIs. The client assertion is a JWT that must be 
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										signed with RSASSA using SHA-256 hash algorithm. The OpenAIRE AAI server validates the client assertion using the public 
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										key that you have provided upon the service registration.
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									</p>
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									<h4>Prepare to register your service</h4>
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									<p>Before you register your service you need to prepare a pair of a private key and a public key on your side.
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										<div class="uk-alert-primary" uk-alert>
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												We accept keys signed with RSASSA using SHA-256 hash algorithm.
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										</div>
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										To create the key pair you have the following options:
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										<ul class="portal-circle">
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												<li>Use OpenAIRE authorization server built in tool. You can access the service here:
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													<a href="https://aai.openaire.eu/oidc/generate-oidc-keystore" target="_blank">https://aai.openaire.eu/oidc/generate-oidc-keystore</a>. 
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													<br>
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													The response is your <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Public and Private Keypair</b></span> and has the following format:
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													<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{ 
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	"p" : ...,
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	"kty" : "RSA",
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	"q" : ...,
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	"d" : ...,
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	"e" : "AQAB",
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	"kid" : ...,
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	"qi" : ..., 
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	"dp" : ..., 
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	"alg" : "RS256",
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	"dq" : ...,
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	"n" : ....
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}</pre>
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													Use the public key parameters (kty, e, kid, alg, n) to create your <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Public Key</b></span>
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													in the following format:
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													<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{
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	"kty": "RSA",
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	"e": "AQAB",
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	"kid": ...,
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	"alg": "RS256",
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	"n": ...
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}</pre>
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													<div class="uk-alert-primary" uk-alert>
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															Store both the <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Public and Private keypair</b></span> and the <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Public key</b></span>. You will need them to register your service.
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													</div>
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													<div class="uk-alert-danger" uk-alert>
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															Store the <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Public and Private keypair</b></span> confidentially on the service side.
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													</div>
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												</li> 
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												<li>
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															Use openssl and then convert the keys to jwk format using PEM to JWK scripts, such as <a href="https://github.com/danedmunds/pem-to-jwk" target="_blank">https://github.com/danedmunds/pem-to-jwk</a>. 
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															Alternatively, the client application can read the key pair in PEM format and then convert them, using JWK libraries. 
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															Use the public key parameters (kty, e, kid, alg, n) to the service registration.
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												</li>
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										</ul>
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										<div class="uk-alert-primary" uk-alert>
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												You can also provide a public key in JWK format that can be accessed using a link.
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										</div>
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									</p>
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									<h4>How to register your service</h4>
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									<p>To register your service you need to:</p>
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									<ol>
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										<li>Login to OpenAIRE. In case you are not already a member you will need to register first.</li>
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										<li>Go to your <a href="https://services.openaire.eu/uoa-user-management/registeredServices" target="_blank">Registered Services</a> page and click the New Service button.</li>
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										<li>Provide the <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>"Νame"</b></span> (mandatory) of your service.</li>
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										<li>Select the Advanced <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>"Security level"</b></span></li>
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										<li>Use the public key parameters (kty, e, kid, alg, n) you previously produced to  
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												declare your <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>"Public Key"</b></span> <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>"By value"</b></span> 
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												in the following format:
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												<pre>
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{
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	"kty": "RSA",
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	"e": "AQAB",
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	"kid": ...,
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	"alg": "RS256",
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	"n": ...
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}</pre>
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												<b>- OR -</b>
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												<p>If your service has a public key in JWK format that can be accessed using a link, you can set <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>“Public Key”</b></span> to <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>“By URL”</b></span>.</p>
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										</b>
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										<li>Click the <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Add New Service</b></span> button.</li>
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									</ol>
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									<p>Once your service is created it will appear in the list of your <a href="https://services.openaire.eu/uoa-user-management/registeredServices" target="_blank">Registered Services</a> page, with 
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									the <b>Service Id</b> that was automatically assigned to it by the AAI OpenAIRE service.</p>
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									<h4>How to make a request</h4>                  
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									<h5><span class="uk-text-bold">Step 1.</span> Create and sign a JWT</h5>
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									<p>Your service must create and sign a JWT and include it in the request to token endpoint as 
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										described in the <a href="https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#ClientAuthentication" target="_blank">OpenID Connect Core 1.0, 9. Client Authentication</a>.
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									</p>
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									<p>
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										<p>To create a JWT you can use <a href="https://mkjose.org/" target="_blank">https://mkjose.org/</a>. To do so you need to create a <b>payload</b> that should contain the following claims:</p>
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										<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{
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	"iss": "{SERVICE_ID}",
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	"sub": "{SERVICE_ID}",
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	"aud": "https://aai.openaire.eu/oidc/token",
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	"jti": "{RANDOM_STRING}",
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	"exp": {EXPIRATION_TIME_OF_SIGNED_JWT}                            
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}</pre>
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										<ul>                     
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													<li><b>iss</b>, <em>(required)</em> the “issuer” claim identifies the principal that issued the JWT. The value is 
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															the <b>Service Id</b> that was created when you registered your service.
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													</li>
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													<li><b>sub</b>, <em>(required)</em> the “subject” claim identifies the principal that is the subject of the JWT.
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																The value is the <b>Service Id</b> that was created when you registered your service.</li>
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													<li>aud, <em>(required)</em> the “audience” claim identifies the recipients that the JWT is intended for. 
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															The value is <b>https://aai.openaire.eu/oidc/token</b>>.</li>
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													<li><b>jti</b>, <em>(required)</em> The “JWT ID” claim provides a unique identifier for the JWT. 
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															The value is a random string.</li>
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													<li><b>exp</b>, <em>(required)</em> the “expiration time” claim identifies the expiration time on or after which the 
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															JWT <b>MUST NOT</b> be accepted for processing. 
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															The value is a timestamp in <b>epoch format</b>.</li>
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										</ul>
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										<p>
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												Fill in the payload in the form available at <a href="https://mkjose.org/" target="_blank">https://mkjose.org/</a>, select the 
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												Signing Algorithm to be <b>RS256 using SHA-256</b> and paste the <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Public and Private Keypair</b></span> 
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												previously created.
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										</p>
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										<p>To check your JWT you can go to <a href="https://jwt.io/" target="_blank">https://jwt.io/</a>. The 
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												<b>header</b> should contain the following claims:</p>
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												<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{
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	"alg": "RS256",
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	"kid": ...
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	}</pre>
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										where <b>kid</b> is the one of your <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Public and Private Keypair</b></span> you used to sign the JWT in <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Step 1</b></span>.</li>
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										</ul>
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										</p>                        
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									</p>
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									<div class="uk-alert-danger" uk-alert>
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												Store the signed key confidentially on the service side. You will need it in Step 2.
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									</div>
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									<h5><span class="uk-text-bold">Step 2.</span> Request for an access token</h5>
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									<p>
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										To make an access token request use the <em>signed JWT</em> that you created in <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Step 1</b></span>. 
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										The OpenAIRE AAI server will check if the signed JWT is valid using the public key that you 
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										declared in the <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>"How to register your service"</b></span>
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										process.
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										<pre class="uk-text-left">
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	curl -k -X POST "https://aai.openaire.eu/oidc/token" \
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	-d "grant_type=client_credentials" \
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	-d "client_assertion_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer" \
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	-d "client_assertion={signedJWT}"</pre>
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										<p>where <b>{signedJWT}</b> is the signed JWT created in <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Step 1</b></span>.</p>
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										<p>
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												The response is:
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												<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{
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	"access_token": {ACCESS_TOKEN}
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	"token_type":"Bearer",
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	"expires_in": ...,
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	"scope":"openid"
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}</pre>
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										</p>
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									</p>
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									<div class="uk-alert-danger" uk-alert>
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												<p>Store the access token confidentially on the service side.</p>
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										</div>
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									<h5><span class="uk-text-bold">Step 3.</span> Make a request</h5>
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									<p>To access the OpenAIRE APIs send the access token returned in <span class="uk-text-primary"><b>Step 2</b></span>.</p>
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									<pre class="uk-text-left">
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	GET https://test.openaire.eu/{resourceServicePath}
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	Authorization: Bearer {ACCESS_TOKEN}</pre>
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									<h4>Error messages</h4>
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									<p>401 - Invalid client assertion</p>
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									<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{
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	"error":"invalid_client",
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	"error_description":"Bad client credentials"
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}</pre>
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									<p>401 - Client assertion for missing service</p>
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									<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{
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	"error":"invalid_client",
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	"error_description":"Could not find client {SERVICE_ID}"
306
}</pre>
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									<p>401 - Expired signed jwt</p>
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									<pre class="uk-text-left">
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{
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	"error":"unauthorized",
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	"error_description":"Assertion Token in expired: {EXPIRATION_TIME}"
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}</pre>
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